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Kff.org/email | facebook.com/KaiserFamilyFoundation | twitter.com/kff Filling the need for trusted information on national health issues, the Kaiser Family buy discount levitra Foundation is a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco, California.President Trump and Democratic nominee Joe Biden hold widely divergent views on health issues, with the president’s record and response to the erectile dysfunction levitra likely to play a central role in November’s elections.A new KFF side-by-side comparison examines President Trump’s record and former Vice President Biden’s positions across a wide range of key health issues, including the response to the levitra, the Affordable Care Act marketplace, Medicaid, Medicare, drug prices, reproductive health, HIV, mental health and opioids, immigration and health coverage, and health costs.The resource provides a concise overview of the candidates’ positions on a range of health policy issues. While the Biden campaign has put forward many specific proposals, the Trump campaign has offered few new proposals for addressing health care in a second term and is instead running on his record in office.It is part of KFF’s ongoing efforts to provide useful information related to the health policy issues relevant for the 2020 buy discount levitra elections, including policy analysis, polling, and journalism. Find more on our Election 2020 resource page..

Levitra grapefruit

HeadlinesEvery year approximately buy levitra online 1.4 million people attend the ED in the UK with a head levitra grapefruit injury. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends routine CT imaging of all patients with mild head injury taking anticoagulants within 8 hours of injury. The risk of adverse outcomes following mild head injury when taking a DOAC is uncertain, nonetheless to many of us it often levitra grapefruit feels like an unnecessary investigation and over exposure of a patient who is clinically well and without symptoms.

So you may be interested to read a paper by Fuller and colleagues from Sheffield, who conducted an observational cohort study with the aim of estimating the risk of adverse outcome after mild head injury in patients taking DOACs to guide emergency department management. The primary endpoint was adverse outcome within 30 days, comprising. Neurosurgery, ICH, or death due to head levitra grapefruit injury.

They found the risk of adverse outcomes following mild head injury in patients taking DOACs appears low. The authors suggest these findings would support shared patient-clinician decision making, rather than routine imaging following minor head injury while taking DOACs. This might be music to your ears and indeed the radiologist, especially in the middle of the night.Head homeChildren are no exception where head injuries are concerned, it is estimated that more levitra grapefruit than 700 000 of them in the UK attend hospital every year with a head injury and less than 1% of these need neurosurgical intervention.

Aldridge and his colleagues hypothesised that a proportion of these children could be screened and discharged at triage with appropriate safety netting by a nurse using a clinical decision tool. They prospectively screened all children (n1739) at triage over a 6 month period in 2018 using a mandated electronic ‘Head Injury Discharge at Triage ‘questionnaire (HIDATq).Their findings suggest a negative HIDATq appears safe for their department and that potentially 20% of all children presenting with head injuries could have been discharged by nurses using the screening tool. This figure increases to 50% if children with lacerations or abrasions were given advice and discharged levitra grapefruit at triage.

They do point out however that a multi- centre study is required to validate the tool. Arguably any intervention that can safely minimise length of stay for children in the ED is worthy of consideration and will appeal to children and their carers.Affairs of the heartChest pain continues to be a common presentation in the ED but medical advances and technology have changed and expedited the way we assess and manage these patients. Are we seeing more or less patients presenting with levitra grapefruit chest pain?.

Aalam and colleagues in the US undertook a retrospective descriptive study of trends in utilisation and care of ED chest pain visits from (2006 to 16) using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project (HCUP) database, a national sample of US ED visits and hospitalizations. In their study, they describe demographic, care, and cost levitra grapefruit trends for chest pain over 11 years. Unsurprisingly, they found ED visits for patients with chest pain increased but inpatient admission rate declined from 19% in 2006 to 3.9% in 2016.

Is this due to same day cardiac CTA and shorter Troponin testing times?. I’ll leave you to levitra grapefruit work this one out when you have read this paper.Troponin or not?. Patients who present with chest pain often face lengthy delays in the ED to rule out ACS even though less than 10% are diagnosed with ACS.

Previous studies have shown that up to 46% of cardiac troponin (cTn) testing in the ED is deemed inappropriate and results in not just wasted costs but unnecessary procedures. Moreover, it can also cause alarm levitra grapefruit and anxiety without adding value. Smith and colleagues in the US hypothesised that this low risk patient population does not benefit from testing and could be safely discharged following an ECG.

They conducted a secondary analysis of the HEART Pathway Implementation Study. HEART Pathway risk assessments (HEAR scores and serial troponin levitra grapefruit testing at 0 and 3 hours) were completed by providers on adult patients with chest pain from three US sites. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary revascularisation) at 30 days was determined.

Their findings suggest that patients with HEAR scores of 0 and 1 represent a very-low risk group that may not require troponin testing to achieve a missed MACE rate. So maybe less delays in future? levitra grapefruit. The ED on your doorstepShielding our frail older patients has been an ongoing challenge in this erectile dysfunction treatment levitra, one hospital has bucked the trend and taken the ED to the patient.

McNamara and colleagues in Dublin describe how a bespoke weekend service assessing older people who fell at home levitra grapefruit was expanded to meet the evolving needs of shielding older people in the levitra. The team consisted of an advanced paramedic, an ED registrar and an occupational therapist in conjunction with local consultants in geriatric an emergency medicine. All three professionals travelled and attended calls together covering a wide catchment both urban and rural.

The service carried levitra grapefruit with them OT equipment and had access to near patient testing and point of care ultrasound. Patients were registered to the ED by phone. They attended 592 patients in the first 105 days of operation 43 of whom were transferred to hospital, 41 being admitted.

They also undertook 21 additional visits to care homes to give levitra grapefruit advice and control support. Do read this paper there is a lot of detail about set up and costs as well as examples of cases seen. It sounds like the quality care you would wish for your older relatives.

It may be one of the silver linings of levitra grapefruit the levitra and a viable pragmatic model for the future.Sono case seriesDon’t forget to have a read of our Sono Case series. Brown and Shyy from the US focus on Soft tissue s, Abscesses, Pyomyositis and Necrotizing Fasciitis, there is much to be learnt here.Germini et al have reported their findings of the quality of abstracts of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in 10 emergency medicine journals.1 They studied two periods (2005–2007 and 2014–2015), before and after the publication of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement extension for abstracts (CONSORT-EA). They found that the overall quality of abstracts reported in emergency medicine journals was low in both periods, with only slight and non-statistically significant improvement in the total number of correctly reported items after the publication of the CONSORT-EA guidelines.The CONSORT statement, for those who are not primarily researchers, was developed in 1996 and was the first of what are now hundreds of guidelines for how to report the methods, results and implications of research.

The idea behind these guidelines is to promote levitra grapefruit complete transparency in how studies are conducted, and to alert readers to potential sources of bias (systematic error) in how the study was conceived or conducted. They usually take the form of a checklist and are designed for the type of research being reported. In addition to CONSORT for RCTs, the most commonly used checklists in the emergency medicine literature are those for observational studies (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)), diagnostic studies (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD)), systematic reviews (PRISMA:Preferred ….

HeadlinesEvery year buy discount levitra approximately 1.4 million people attend the generic levitra cost ED in the UK with a head injury. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends routine CT imaging of all patients with mild head injury taking anticoagulants within 8 hours of injury. The risk of adverse outcomes following mild head injury when taking a DOAC is uncertain, nonetheless to many of buy discount levitra us it often feels like an unnecessary investigation and over exposure of a patient who is clinically well and without symptoms.

So you may be interested to read a paper by Fuller and colleagues from Sheffield, who conducted an observational cohort study with the aim of estimating the risk of adverse outcome after mild head injury in patients taking DOACs to guide emergency department management. The primary endpoint was adverse outcome within 30 days, comprising. Neurosurgery, ICH, buy discount levitra or death due to head injury.

They found the risk of adverse outcomes following mild head injury in patients taking DOACs appears low. The authors suggest these findings would support shared patient-clinician decision making, rather than routine imaging following minor head injury while taking DOACs. This might be music to your ears and indeed the radiologist, especially in the middle of the night.Head homeChildren are no exception where head injuries are concerned, it is estimated buy discount levitra that more than 700 000 of them in the UK attend hospital every year with a head injury and less than 1% of these need neurosurgical intervention.

Aldridge and his colleagues hypothesised that a proportion of these children could be screened and discharged at triage with appropriate safety netting by a nurse using a clinical decision tool. They prospectively screened all children (n1739) at triage over a 6 month period in 2018 using a mandated electronic ‘Head Injury Discharge at Triage ‘questionnaire (HIDATq).Their findings suggest a negative HIDATq appears safe for their department and that potentially 20% of all children presenting with head injuries could have been discharged by nurses using the screening tool. This figure buy discount levitra increases to 50% if children with lacerations or abrasions were given advice and discharged at triage.

They do point out however that a multi- centre study is required to validate the tool. Arguably any intervention that can safely minimise length of stay for children in the ED is worthy of consideration and will appeal to children and their carers.Affairs of the heartChest pain continues to be a common presentation in the ED but medical advances and technology have changed and expedited the way we assess and manage these patients. Are we buy discount levitra seeing more or less patients presenting with chest pain?.

Aalam and colleagues in the US undertook a retrospective descriptive study of trends in utilisation and care of ED chest pain visits from (2006 to 16) using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project (HCUP) database, a national sample of US ED visits and hospitalizations. In their study, they describe demographic, care, and cost trends buy discount levitra for chest pain over 11 years. Unsurprisingly, they found ED visits for patients with chest pain increased but inpatient admission rate declined from 19% in 2006 to 3.9% in 2016.

Is this due to same day cardiac CTA and shorter Troponin testing times?. I’ll leave you to work this one out when you have read this paper.Troponin or not? buy discount levitra. Patients who present with chest pain often face lengthy delays in the ED to rule out ACS even though less than 10% are diagnosed with ACS.

Previous studies have shown that up to 46% of cardiac troponin (cTn) testing in the ED is deemed inappropriate and results in not just wasted costs but unnecessary procedures. Moreover, it can buy discount levitra also cause alarm and anxiety without http://www.em-vauban-strasbourg.ac-strasbourg.fr/slideshow/visages-gourmands/ adding value. Smith and colleagues in the US hypothesised that this low risk patient population does not benefit from testing and could be safely discharged following an ECG.

They conducted a secondary analysis of the HEART Pathway Implementation Study. HEART Pathway risk assessments (HEAR scores and serial troponin testing at buy discount levitra 0 and 3 hours) were completed by providers on adult patients with chest pain from three US sites. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary revascularisation) at 30 days was determined.

Their findings suggest that patients with HEAR scores of 0 and 1 represent a very-low risk group that may not require troponin testing to achieve a missed MACE rate. So maybe less delays in buy discount levitra future?. The ED on your doorstepShielding our frail older patients has been an ongoing challenge in this erectile dysfunction treatment levitra, one hospital has bucked the trend and taken the ED to the patient.

McNamara and colleagues in Dublin describe how a bespoke weekend service assessing older people who fell at home was expanded to meet the evolving needs of shielding older people in the levitra buy discount levitra. The team consisted of an advanced paramedic, an ED registrar and an occupational therapist in conjunction with local consultants in geriatric an emergency medicine. All three professionals travelled and attended calls together covering a wide catchment both urban and rural.

The service carried with them OT equipment and had access to near patient testing and point buy discount levitra of care ultrasound. Patients were registered to the ED by phone. They attended 592 patients in the first 105 days of operation 43 of whom were transferred to hospital, 41 being admitted.

They also undertook 21 additional visits to care homes to give advice and control support buy discount levitra. Do read this paper there is a lot of detail about set up and costs as well as examples of cases seen. It sounds like the quality care you would wish for your older relatives.

It may be one of the silver buy discount levitra linings of the levitra and a viable pragmatic model for the future.Sono case seriesDon’t forget to have a read of our Sono Case series. Brown and Shyy from the US focus on Soft tissue s, Abscesses, Pyomyositis and Necrotizing Fasciitis, there is much to be learnt here.Germini et al have reported their findings of the quality of abstracts of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in 10 emergency medicine journals.1 They studied two periods (2005–2007 and 2014–2015), before and after the publication of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement extension for abstracts (CONSORT-EA). They found that the overall quality of abstracts reported in emergency medicine journals was low in both periods, with only slight and non-statistically significant improvement in the total number of correctly reported items after the publication of the CONSORT-EA guidelines.The CONSORT statement, for those who are not primarily researchers, was developed in 1996 and was the first of what are now hundreds of guidelines for how to report the methods, results and implications of research.

The idea behind these guidelines is to promote complete transparency in how studies are conducted, and buy discount levitra to alert readers to potential sources of bias (systematic error) in how the study was conceived or conducted. They usually take the form of a checklist and are designed for the type of research being reported. In addition to CONSORT for RCTs, the most commonly used checklists in the emergency medicine literature are those for observational studies (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)), diagnostic studies (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD)), systematic reviews (PRISMA:Preferred ….

What if I miss a dose?

This does not apply. However, do not take double or extra doses.

Levitra nedir

The Annual Data levitra nedir Explorer provides a snapshot of the health of New Zealanders through the publication of key indicators on directory health behaviours, health status and access to health care for both adults and children.The Annual Data Explorer shows 2019/20 results from the continuous New Zealand Health Survey, with comparisons to earlier surveys. Results are available by gender, age levitra nedir group, ethnic group and neighbourhood deprivation. For the first time, the New Zealand Health Survey results are levitra nedir also available by disability status. It is important to note that data was collected for three-quarters of the survey year only. On 19 March 2020 the interviewing for the New Zealand levitra nedir Health Survey was suspended to reduce any risks of transmitting erectile dysfunction treatment between interviewers and respondents.

Published data can be downloaded from the New Zealand Health Survey Annual Data Explorer as a .csv file, or levitra nedir as a PDF using the ‘print view’ function. If you have any queries please email [email protected]. Please ensure you use the latest and most comprehensive levitra nedir annual results. We have made changes to previously published levitra nedir data, including correcting errors in child body size data for years 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2018/19. The errors are described in the latest Methodology Report.

Overview of levitra nedir key findings Health behaviours and risk factors Current smoking About 13.4 percent of respondents, or an estimated 535,000 adults, were current smokers (defined as smoking at least monthly). Current tobacco smoking rates have decreased from levitra nedir 16.6 percent in 2014/15 and 18.2 percent in 2011/12. Current smoking was lowest among those aged 15–17 (3.3 percent), 65–74 (7.3 percent) and 75+ (3.9 percent). Current smoking rates have not moved significantly in 15–17-year levitra nedir olds since 2016/17. The rate of smoking among Māori adults has not changed significantly for the last three years with Māori levitra nedir adults having higher rates of smoking than any other ethnic group since the NZHS began.

31.4 percent of Māori adults were current smokers in 2019/20, down from 38.1 percent in 2014/15. Māori were 2.8 times as likely to be current smokers, and Māori men were 2.1 times as likely to levitra nedir be current smokers than their non-Māori counterparts, after adjusting for age and gender. Amongst Pacific levitra nedir adults, 22.4 percent were current smokers in 2019/20, which was not a statistically significant change from previous years, including 2011/12 when it was 25.9 percent. Pacific adults were 1.7 times as likely to be current smokers as non-Pacific levitra nedir adults, after adjusting for age and gender. After adjusting for age, gender and ethnic differences, adults living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas were 4.5 times as likely to be current smokers as adults in the least deprived areas.

Hazardous drinking One in five adults (20.9 percent) levitra nedir were hazardous drinkers in 2019/20, with no significant change since the time series began in 2015/16. (Note. While data on alcohol consumption was collected in earlier years a change in question format in 2015/16 means it is no longer comparable). The prevalence of hazardous drinking among men was 28.7 percent, whereas it was 13.6 percent in women. Men were 2.1 times more likely to be hazardous drinkers than women, after adjusting for age.

The highest prevalence of hazardous drinking was among those aged 18–24 years, at 32.4 percent. The prevalence of hazardous drinking was also high in those aged 25–34 (23.8 percent), 35–44 (21.5 percent) and 45–54 (27.7 percent). Of those aged 15–17 years, 11.6 percent had engaged in hazardous drinking over the year before taking part in the survey. This is an increase on last year, when it was 6.3 percent. From age 55 and over, the rate decreases with increasing age.

Of Māori adults, 36.1 percent were hazardous drinkers in 2019/20. Māori adults were 1.8 times as likely as non-Māori adults to be hazardous drinkers, after adjusting for age and gender. In contrast, Asian adults were much less likely than non-Asian adults to be hazardous drinkers, after adjusting for age and gender. Obesity The prevalence of obesity among adults aged 15+ was 30.9 percent, which corresponds to an estimated 1.24 million adults. This overall prevalence has remained relatively stable since 2012/13, however there was an increase between 2011/12 and 2019/20 for adults aged 45–54 years and 55–64 years.

The prevalence of obesity among adults varied by ethnic group, with the highest prevalence amongst Pacific (63.4 percent), followed by Māori (47.9 percent), European/Other (29.3 percent) and Asian adults (15.9 percent). These percentages represent about 168,000 Pacific People. 242,000 Māori. 890,000 European/Other and 93,000 Asian adults who were obese in 2019/20. After adjusting for age and gender differences, Pacific and Māori adults were 2.3 and 1.8 times as likely to be obese as non-Pacific and non-Māori adults, respectively.

After adjusting for age, gender and ethnic differences, adults living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas were 1.8 times as likely to be obese as adults living in the least deprived areas. Nearly one in ten children aged 2–14 years (9.4 percent) were obese. The child obesity rate has decreased since 2018/19, and while this has decreased since last year, it is too early to report a trend. The prevalence of obesity amongst children varied by ethnicity as follows. Pacific (29.1 percent), Māori (13.2 percent), Asian (3.4 percent) and European/Other (7.2 percent).

Pacific children were 4.7 times as likely, and Māori children 1.6 times as likely, to be obese than non-Pacific and non-Māori children respectively, after adjusting for age and gender. Asian children were less likely to be obese than non-Asian children, after adjusting for age and gender. After adjusting for age, gender and ethnic differences, children living in the most socio-economically deprived areas were 2.7 times as likely to be obese as children living in the least deprived areas. Go to Improving the health of New Zealanders to find out what’s being done to reduce smoking, hazardous drinking and obesity rates. Health status Self-rated health Most adults (87.2 percent) reported that they were in good health in 2019/20, which is an increase since 2018/19 (86.2 percent).

There was no difference in the prevalence of self-rated good health between men and women. Adults aged 25–64 showed a decrease in good health between 2013/14 and 2019/20. In 2019/20, Māori and Pacific adults were less likely to report being in good health than non-Māori adults and non-Pacific adults, respectively, after adjusting for age and gender. Adults living in the most deprived areas were less likely to report being in good health than those living in the least deprived areas, after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity. According to their parents, 97.4 percent of children were in good health.

Parent-rated child ‘good-health’ status was similar between girls and boys, and across all age groups and ethnicities, and this has been consistent since 2011/12. However, Māori boys were 2.7 times as likely as non-Māori boys to be rated as having ‘fair or poor’ health by their parents, after adjusting for age and gender. Psychological distress In 2019/20, men were less likely than women to have experienced psychological distress in the past four weeks, after adjusting for age (the unadjusted rates were 6.3 percent and 8.5 percent, respectively). In 2019/20, 13.6 percent of Māori, 9.7 percent of Pacific, 7.5 percent of European/Other and 3.9 percent of Asian adults had experienced psychological distress in the four weeks prior to taking part in the survey. Māori adults were 1.9 times as likely to have experienced psychological distress as non-Māori adults after adjusting for age and gender.

The prevalence of psychological distress has increased since 2011/12 in both Māori and European/Other adults (from 7.4 percent and 3.9 percent, respectively). In contrast, the prevalence of psychological distress amongst Asian and Pacific people has not changed significantly over time. Adults living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas were 3.7 times as likely to have experienced psychological distress as those in the least deprived areas, after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity. Go to Improving the health of New Zealanders to find out what’s being done to improve mental health. Access to health care Unmet need for GP due to cost In 2019/20, experiencing cost as a barrier to visiting the GP was more common amongst women (15.9 percent) than men (10.6 percent).

Having a cost barrier to GP visits was considerably less common among older adults, with just 6.7 percent of those aged 65–74 years and 3.4 percent of those aged 75 and older reporting unmet need for this reason compared to between 10.5 percent and 19.2 percent of people under 65 years. In 2019/20, more than one in five Māori adults (20.5 percent) had not visited a GP due to cost in the past year. Māori adults were 1.5 times as likely as non-Māori adults to not visit a GP due to cost, after adjusting for age and gender. In contrast, this barrier was less likely to affect Asian adults compared to non-Asian adults, after adjusting for age and gender. Adults living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas were 1.6 times as likely as those living in the least deprived areas to not have visited a GP due to cost in the past year, after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity.

Amongst children aged 5–9 years, unmet need for GP due to cost has decreased from 7.7 percent in 2014/15 to 1.8 percent in 2019/20. For children aged 10–14 years, unmet need for GP due to cost has decreased from 9.3 percent in 2014/15 to 1.9 percent. Of Māori children, 1.2 percent had not visited a GP due to cost in the 12 months before taking part in the 2019/20 survey, which is a decrease from 2.6 percent in 2018/19 and 7.7 percent in 2011/12. A similar pattern is seen in Pacific children. 2.3 percent in 2019/20, 5.3 percent in 2018/19 and 6.5 percent in 2011/12.

Unfilled prescription due to cost Men were less likely than women to not have collected a prescription due to cost in the past 12 months, after adjusting for age (the rates were 6.7 percent and 3.5 percent respectively). Since 2014/15, the prevalence of unfilled prescription due to cost has decreased in men (from 4.8 percent) but not in women. The percentage of adults who were unable to fill a prescription due to cost was much lower in those aged 65 and over, at 2.3 percent for those aged 65–74 and 1.3 percent for those 75+, compared to 4.9–7.3 percent amongst those aged 15–64 years. Fourteen percent of Pacific adults and 12.7 percent of Māori adults had not collected a prescription due to cost in the year before taking part in the survey. Pacific and Māori adults were 2.7 and 2.8 times as likely as non-Pacific and non-Māori adults, respectively, to not have collected a prescription due to cost, after adjusting for age and gender.

In contrast, just 2.7 percent of Asian adults were unable to collect a prescription due to cost at some point in the past 12 months. Adults living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas were 6.0 times as likely to have been unable to collect a prescription due to cost as adults living in the least deprived areas, after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity. In 2019/20, 1.9 percent of children, which is an estimated 18,000 children, had a prescription that was not collected due to cost. This is down from 6.6 percent in 2011/12. Māori children were 2.4 times as likely, and Pacific children 3.1 times as likely to have an unfilled prescription due to cost as non-Māori and non-Pacific children respectively, after adjusting for age and gender.

The rates were 3.3 percent and 4.4 percent respectively. Go to Improving the health of New Zealanders to find out what’s being done to improve access to primary health care. Disability status Disabled adults were less likely to have reported ‘good’, ‘very good’, or ‘excellent’ health than non-disabled adults, after adjusting for age and gender. The rates were 56.0 percent and 89.9 percent, respectively. In 2019/20, 12.9 percent of non-disabled adults were current smokers, while 19.1 percent of disabled adults smoked.

After adjusting for age and gender, disabled adults were 1.9 times more likely to smoke than non-disabled adults. Disabled adults were less likely to have drunk alcohol in the past year than non-disabled adults, after adjusting for age and gender. The rates were 71.2 percent and 82.3 percent, respectively. Disabled adults were 1.6 times more likely to be obese than non-disabled adults, after adjusting for age and gender. The rates were 47.4 percent and 29.6 percent, respectively.

Around one in five (21.5 percent) disabled adults reported not visiting a GP due to cost, compared to 12.7 percent of non-disabled adults. Disabled adults are 2.3 times as likely to report this, after adjusting for age and gender. Disabled adults were 3.8 times as likely than non-disabled to be unable to collect a prescription due to cost, after adjusting for age and gender. The rates were 13.0 percent and 4.5 percent, respectively. Twenty-seven percent of disabled adults experienced psychological distress in the four weeks prior to the survey, compared to 5.7 percent of non-disabled adults.

After adjusting for age and gender differences, disabled adults were 6.1 times as likely as non-disabled adults to have experienced psychological distress. Go to Improving the health of New Zealanders to find out what’s being done to improve the health of disabled people..

The Annual Data Explorer provides a snapshot of the health of New Zealanders through the publication of key indicators on health behaviours, health status and access to health care for both adults and children.The Annual Data Explorer shows 2019/20 results from the continuous New Zealand Health Survey, with comparisons to earlier https://geolistening.com/can-i-get-ventolin-over-the-counter/ surveys buy discount levitra. Results are available by gender, age group, ethnic group and neighbourhood buy discount levitra deprivation. For the first time, the New buy discount levitra Zealand Health Survey results are also available by disability status. It is important to note that data was collected for three-quarters of the survey year only. On 19 buy discount levitra March 2020 the interviewing for the New Zealand Health Survey was suspended to reduce any risks of transmitting erectile dysfunction treatment between interviewers and respondents.

Published data can be downloaded from buy discount levitra the New Zealand Health Survey Annual Data Explorer as a .csv file, or as a PDF using the ‘print view’ function. If you have any queries please email [email protected]. Please ensure you use the latest and most comprehensive annual results buy discount levitra. We have buy discount levitra made changes to previously published data, including correcting errors in child body size data for years 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2018/19. The errors are described in the latest Methodology Report.

Overview of key findings Health behaviours and risk factors Current smoking buy discount levitra About 13.4 percent of respondents, or an estimated 535,000 adults, were current smokers (defined as smoking at least monthly). Current tobacco buy discount levitra smoking rates have decreased from 16.6 percent in 2014/15 and 18.2 percent in 2011/12. Current smoking was lowest among those aged 15–17 (3.3 percent), 65–74 (7.3 percent) and 75+ (3.9 percent). Current smoking rates have buy discount levitra not moved significantly in 15–17-year olds since 2016/17. The rate of smoking among Māori adults has not changed significantly for the last three years buy discount levitra with Māori adults having higher rates of smoking than any other ethnic group since the NZHS began.

31.4 percent of Māori adults were current smokers in 2019/20, down from 38.1 percent in 2014/15. Māori were 2.8 times as likely to be current smokers, and Māori men were 2.1 times as likely to be current smokers than their non-Māori buy discount levitra counterparts, after adjusting for age and gender. Amongst Pacific adults, 22.4 percent were current smokers in 2019/20, which was not a buy discount levitra statistically significant change from previous years, including 2011/12 when it was 25.9 percent. Pacific adults were 1.7 times as likely to be current smokers as non-Pacific adults, after adjusting for buy discount levitra age and gender. After adjusting for age, gender and ethnic differences, adults living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas were 4.5 times as likely to be current smokers as adults in the least deprived areas.

Hazardous drinking One in five adults (20.9 percent) were hazardous drinkers in 2019/20, with no significant change since the time series began in 2015/16 buy discount levitra. (Note. While data on alcohol consumption was collected in earlier years a change in question format in 2015/16 means it is no longer comparable). The prevalence of hazardous drinking among men was 28.7 percent, whereas it was 13.6 percent in women. Men were 2.1 times more likely to be hazardous drinkers than women, after adjusting for age.

The highest prevalence of hazardous drinking was among those aged 18–24 years, at 32.4 percent. The prevalence of hazardous drinking was also high in those aged 25–34 (23.8 percent), 35–44 (21.5 percent) and 45–54 (27.7 percent). Of those aged 15–17 years, 11.6 percent had engaged in hazardous drinking over the year before taking part in the survey. This is an increase on last year, when it was 6.3 percent. From age 55 and over, the rate decreases with increasing age.

Of Māori adults, 36.1 percent were hazardous drinkers in 2019/20. Māori adults were 1.8 times as likely as non-Māori adults to be hazardous drinkers, after adjusting for age and gender. In contrast, Asian adults were much less likely than non-Asian adults to be hazardous drinkers, after adjusting for age and gender. Obesity The prevalence of obesity among adults aged 15+ was 30.9 percent, which corresponds to an estimated 1.24 million adults. This overall prevalence has remained relatively stable since 2012/13, however there was an increase between 2011/12 and 2019/20 for adults aged 45–54 years and 55–64 years.

The prevalence of obesity among adults varied by ethnic group, with the highest prevalence amongst Pacific (63.4 percent), followed by Māori (47.9 percent), European/Other (29.3 percent) and Asian adults (15.9 percent). These percentages represent about 168,000 Pacific People. 242,000 Māori. 890,000 European/Other and 93,000 Asian adults who were obese in 2019/20. After adjusting for age and gender differences, Pacific and Māori adults were 2.3 and 1.8 times as likely to be obese as non-Pacific and non-Māori adults, respectively.

After adjusting for age, gender and ethnic differences, adults living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas were 1.8 times as likely to be obese as adults living in the least deprived areas. Nearly one in ten children aged 2–14 years (9.4 percent) were obese. The child obesity rate has decreased since 2018/19, and while this has decreased since last year, it is too early to report a trend. The prevalence of obesity amongst children varied by ethnicity as follows. Pacific (29.1 percent), Māori (13.2 percent), Asian (3.4 percent) and European/Other (7.2 percent).

Pacific children were 4.7 times as likely, and Māori children 1.6 times as likely, to be obese than non-Pacific and non-Māori children respectively, after adjusting for age and gender. Asian children were less likely to be obese than non-Asian children, after adjusting for age and gender. After adjusting for age, gender and ethnic differences, children living in the most socio-economically deprived areas were 2.7 times as likely to be obese as children living in the least deprived areas. Go to Improving the health of New Zealanders to find out what’s being done to reduce smoking, hazardous drinking and obesity rates. Health status Self-rated health Most adults (87.2 percent) reported that they were in good health in 2019/20, which is an increase since 2018/19 (86.2 percent).

There was no difference in the prevalence of self-rated good health between men and women. Adults aged 25–64 showed a decrease in good health between 2013/14 and 2019/20. In 2019/20, Māori and Pacific adults were less likely to report being in good health than non-Māori adults and non-Pacific adults, respectively, after adjusting for age and gender. Adults living in the most deprived areas were less likely to report being in good health than those living in the least deprived areas, after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity. According to their parents, 97.4 percent of children were in good health.

Parent-rated child ‘good-health’ status was similar between girls and boys, and across all age groups and ethnicities, and this has been consistent since 2011/12. However, Māori boys were 2.7 times as likely as non-Māori boys to be rated as having ‘fair or poor’ health by their parents, after adjusting for age and gender. Psychological distress In 2019/20, men were less likely than women to have experienced psychological distress in the past four weeks, after adjusting for age (the unadjusted rates were 6.3 percent and 8.5 percent, respectively). In 2019/20, 13.6 percent of Māori, 9.7 percent of Pacific, 7.5 percent of European/Other and 3.9 percent of Asian adults had experienced psychological distress in the four weeks prior to taking part in the survey. Māori adults were 1.9 times as likely to have experienced psychological distress as non-Māori adults after adjusting for age and gender.

The prevalence of psychological distress has increased since 2011/12 in both Māori and European/Other adults (from 7.4 percent and 3.9 percent, respectively). In contrast, the prevalence of psychological distress amongst Asian and Pacific people has not changed significantly over time. Adults living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas were 3.7 times as likely to have experienced psychological distress as those in the least deprived areas, after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity. Go to Improving the health of New Zealanders to find out what’s being done to improve mental health. Access to health care Unmet need for GP due to cost In 2019/20, experiencing cost as a barrier to visiting the GP was more common amongst women (15.9 percent) than men (10.6 percent).

Having a cost barrier to GP visits was considerably less common among older adults, with just 6.7 percent of those aged 65–74 years and 3.4 percent of those aged 75 and older reporting unmet need for this reason compared to between 10.5 percent and 19.2 percent of people under 65 years. In 2019/20, more than one in five Māori adults (20.5 percent) had not visited a GP due to cost in the past year. Māori adults were 1.5 times as likely as non-Māori adults to not visit a GP due to cost, after adjusting for age and gender. In contrast, this barrier was less likely to affect Asian adults compared to non-Asian adults, after adjusting for age and gender. Adults living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas were 1.6 times as likely as those living in the least deprived areas to not have visited a GP due to cost in the past year, after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity.

Amongst children aged 5–9 years, unmet need for GP due to cost has decreased from 7.7 percent in 2014/15 to 1.8 percent in 2019/20. For children aged 10–14 years, unmet need for GP due to cost has decreased from 9.3 percent in 2014/15 to 1.9 percent. Of Māori children, 1.2 percent had not visited a GP due to cost in the 12 months before taking part in the 2019/20 survey, which is a decrease from 2.6 percent in 2018/19 and 7.7 percent in 2011/12. A similar pattern is seen in Pacific children. 2.3 percent in 2019/20, 5.3 percent in 2018/19 and 6.5 percent in 2011/12.

Unfilled prescription due to cost Men were less likely than women to not have collected a prescription due to cost in the past 12 months, after adjusting for age (the rates were 6.7 percent and 3.5 percent respectively). Since 2014/15, the prevalence of unfilled prescription due to cost has decreased in men (from 4.8 percent) but not in women. The percentage of adults who were unable to fill a prescription due to cost was much lower in those aged 65 and over, at 2.3 percent for those aged 65–74 and 1.3 percent for those 75+, compared to 4.9–7.3 percent amongst those aged 15–64 years. Fourteen percent of Pacific adults and 12.7 percent of Māori adults had not collected a prescription due to cost in the year before taking part in the survey. Pacific and Māori adults were 2.7 and 2.8 times as likely as non-Pacific and non-Māori adults, respectively, to not have collected a prescription due to cost, after adjusting for age and gender.

In contrast, just 2.7 percent of Asian adults were unable to collect a prescription due to cost at some point in the past 12 months. Adults living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas were 6.0 times as likely to have been unable to collect a prescription due to cost as adults living in the least deprived areas, after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity. In 2019/20, 1.9 percent of children, which is an estimated 18,000 children, had a prescription that was not collected due to cost. This is down from 6.6 percent in 2011/12. Māori children were 2.4 times as likely, and Pacific children 3.1 times as likely to have an unfilled prescription due to cost as non-Māori and non-Pacific children respectively, after adjusting for age and gender.

The rates were 3.3 percent and 4.4 percent respectively. Go to Improving the health of New Zealanders to find out what’s being done to improve access to primary health care. Disability status Disabled adults were less likely to have reported ‘good’, ‘very good’, or ‘excellent’ health than non-disabled adults, after adjusting for age and gender. The rates were 56.0 percent and 89.9 percent, respectively. In 2019/20, 12.9 percent of non-disabled adults were current smokers, while 19.1 percent of disabled adults smoked.

After adjusting for age and gender, disabled adults were 1.9 times more likely to smoke than non-disabled adults. Disabled adults were less likely to have drunk alcohol in the past year than non-disabled adults, after adjusting for age and gender. The rates were 71.2 percent and 82.3 percent, respectively. Disabled adults were 1.6 times more likely to be obese than non-disabled adults, after adjusting for age and gender. The rates were 47.4 percent and 29.6 percent, respectively.

Around one in five (21.5 percent) disabled adults reported not visiting a GP due to cost, compared to 12.7 percent of non-disabled adults. Disabled adults are 2.3 times as likely to report this, after adjusting for age and gender. Disabled adults were 3.8 times as likely than non-disabled to be unable to collect a prescription due to cost, after adjusting for age and gender. The rates were 13.0 percent and 4.5 percent, respectively. Twenty-seven percent of disabled adults experienced psychological distress in the four weeks prior to the survey, compared to 5.7 percent of non-disabled adults.

After adjusting for age and gender differences, disabled adults were 6.1 times as likely as non-disabled adults to have experienced psychological distress. Go to Improving the health of New Zealanders to find out what’s being done to improve the health of disabled people..

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